Day 12: The Admin Bundle - WORK IN PROGRESS
This is a derivative work of the original Jobeet tutorial by Fabien Potencier and Jonathan Wage for the Symfony2 framework.
Those of you itching to open your text editor and lay down some PHP will be happy to know today will get us into some development. We will define the Jobeet data model and use an ORM to interact with the database.
The user stories we saw yesterday describe the main objects of our project: jobs, affiliates, and categories. Here is the corresponding entity relationship diagram:
In addition to the columns described in the stories, we have also added a createdAt field to some tables. We will set the value to the current system time when a record is created. We will do the same for updatedAt fields: Their value will be set to the system time whenever the record is updated.
To store the jobs, affiliates, and categories, we obviously need a relational database.
But as Symfony2 is an Object-Oriented framework, we like to manipulate objects whenever we can. For example, instead of writing SQL statements to retrieve records from the database, we’d rather prefer to use objects.
The relational database information must be mapped to an object model. This can be done with an ORM tool and thankfully, Symfony2 comes bundled with one of them: Doctrine 2.
The ORM needs a description of the tables and their relationships to create the related classes. There are two ways to create this description schema: by introspecting an existing database or by creating it by hand.
As the database does not exist yet and as we want to keep Jobeet database agnostic, let’s create our object model by creating Entities on our project, you can create them in any of the three formats supported natively by Symfony2:
Tip
When defining your entities, you can omit the getter/setter methods and let Doctrine create them for you with the doctrine:generate:entities command. This only works after you create the mapping information (see below).
<?php
// src/SfTuts/JobeetBundle/Entity/Job.php
namespace SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity;
/**
* @orm:Entity
*/
class Job
{
/**
* @orm:Id
* @orm:Column(type="integer")
* @orm:GeneratedValue(strategy="IDENTITY")
*/
protected $id;
/**
* @orm:ManyToOne(targetEntity="Category")
* @orm:JoinColumn(name="category_id", referencedColumnName="id")
*/
protected $category;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="255")
*/
protected $type;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="255", nullable=true)
*/
protected $company;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="255")
*/
protected $logo;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="255", nullable=true)
*/
protected $url;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="255", nullable=true)
*/
protected $position;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="255")
*/
protected $location;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="4000")
*/
protected $description;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="4000", name="how_to_apply")
*/
protected $howToApply;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="255", unique=true)
*/
protected $token;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="boolean", name="is_public")
*/
protected $isPublic;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="boolean", name="is_activated")
*/
protected $isActivated;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="255")
*/
protected $email;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="datetime", name="created_at")
*/
protected $createdAt;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="datetime", name="updated_at")
*/
protected $updatedAt;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="datetime", name="expires_at")
*/
protected $expiresAt;
public function __construct()
{
$this->createdAt = new \DateTime();
$this->updatedAt = new \DateTime();
}
}
# src/SfTuts/JobeetBundle/Resources/config/doctrine/metadata/orm/SfTuts.JobeetBundle.Entity.Job.dcm.yml
SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Job:
type: entity
table: null
fields:
id:
type: integer
id: true
generator:
strategy: IDENTITY
type:
type: string
length: '255'
company:
type: string
length: '255'
nullable: true
logo:
type: string
length: '255'
url:
type: string
length: '255'
nullable: true
position:
type: string
length: '255'
nullable: true
location:
type: string
length: '255'
description:
type: string
length: '4000'
howToApply:
type: string
length: '4000'
column: how_to_apply
token:
type: string
length: '255'
unique: true
isPublic:
type: boolean
length: null
column: is_public
isActivated:
type: boolean
length: null
column: is_activated
email:
type: string
length: '255'
createdAt:
type: datetime
column: created_at
updatedAt:
type: datetime
column: updated_at
expiresAt:
type: datetime
column: expires_at
oneToOne:
category:
targetEntity: SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Category
cascade: { }
mappedBy: null
inversedBy: null
joinColumns:
category_id:
referencedColumnName: id
orphanRemoval: false
lifecycleCallbacks: { }
<!-- src/SfTuts/JobeetBundle/Resources/config/doctrine/metadata/orm/SfTuts.JobeetBundle.Entity.Job.dcm.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<doctrine-mapping xmlns="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping.xsd">
<entity name="SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Job">
<change-tracking-policy>DEFERRED_IMPLICIT</change-tracking-policy>
<id name="id" type="integer" column="id">
<generator strategy="IDENTITY"/>
</id>
<field name="type" type="string" column="type" length="255"/>
<field name="company" type="string" column="company" length="255"/>
<field name="logo" type="string" column="logo" length="255"/>
<field name="url" type="string" column="url" length="255"/>
<field name="position" type="string" column="position" length="255"/>
<field name="location" type="string" column="location" length="255"/>
<field name="description" type="string" column="description" length="4000"/>
<field name="howToApply" type="string" column="how_to_apply" length="4000"/>
<field name="token" type="string" column="token" length="255" unique="1"/>
<field name="isPublic" type="boolean" column="is_public"/>
<field name="isActivated" type="boolean" column="is_activated"/>
<field name="email" type="string" column="email" length="255"/>
<field name="createdAt" type="datetime" column="created_at"/>
<field name="updatedAt" type="datetime" column="updated_at"/>
<field name="expiresAt" type="datetime" column="expires_at"/>
<many-to-one field="category" target-entity="SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Category" orphan-removal="">
<join-columns>
<join-column name="category_id" referenced-column-name="id" nullable="1"/>
</join-columns>
</many-to-one>
<lifecycle-callbacks/>
</entity>
</doctrine-mapping>
<?php
// src/SfTuts/JobeetBundle/Entity/Category.php
namespace SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity;
/**
* @orm:Entity
*/
class Category
{
/**
* @orm:Id
* @orm:Column(type="integer")
* @orm:GeneratedValue(strategy="IDENTITY")
*/
protected $id;
/**
* @orm:Column(type="string", length="255", unique=true)
*/
protected $name;
}
# src/SfTuts/JobeetBundle/Resources/config/doctrine/metadata/orm/SfTuts.JobeetBundle.Entity.Category.dcm.yml
SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Category:
type: entity
table: null
fields:
id:
type: integer
id: true
generator:
strategy: IDENTITY
name:
type: string
length: '255'
unique: true
lifecycleCallbacks: { }
<!-- src/SfTuts/JobeetBundle/Resources/config/doctrine/metadata/orm/SfTuts.JobeetBundle.Entity.Category.dcm.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<doctrine-mapping xmlns="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping.xsd">
<entity name="SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Category">
<change-tracking-policy>DEFERRED_IMPLICIT</change-tracking-policy>
<id name="id" type="integer" column="id">
<generator strategy="IDENTITY"/>
</id>
<field name="name" type="string" column="name" length="255" unique="1"/>
<lifecycle-callbacks/>
</entity>
</doctrine-mapping>
Note
When using annotations in your Symfony2 project you have to namespace all Doctrine ORM annotations with the orm: prefix.
We need to setup the mapping configution for our bundle. This is done in the app/config/config.yml file by adding our bundle under the doctrine section.
doctrine:
dbal:
# ...
orm:
auto_generate_proxy_classes: %kernel.debug%
default_entity_manager: default
entity_managers:
default:
mappings:
# ...
SfTutsJobeetBundle: ~
You can create your getters and setters manually for your Entity classes, or let doctrine do that for you.
If you create your Entity class, as shown above, you can run php app/console doctrine:generate:entities SfTutsJobeetBundle and Symfony will create the method stubs (your getters/setters), for each of your Entity classes. You will notice 2 extra classes, ~Job.php and ~Category.php, they are a backup of your original Entity classes, you have to delete them.
If you use YAML or XML to describe your entities, you can omit the creation of the Entity class, and let the doctrine:generate:entities SfTutsJobeetBundle command do it for you. This will create 2 classes in the src/SfTuts/JobeetBundle/Entity folder, one for Job and one for Category.
Create the database and the schema related to your metadata information with the following commands:
$ php app/console doctrine:database:create
$ php app/console doctrine:schema:create
Now you can use the generated getters and setters for the Entity to manipulate your object.
<?php
// SfTuts/JobeetBundle/Controller/JobController.php
namespace SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller,
SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Job;
class JobController extends Controller
{
public function createAction()
{
$job = new Job();
$job->setPosition('Web developer');
// .. set other fields
// get the entity manager
$em = $this->get('doctrine.orm.entity_manager');
// persist the object to database
$em->persist($job);
$em->flush();
// ...
}
public function editAction($id)
{
$em = $this->get('doctrine.orm.entity_manager');
$job = $em->find('SfTutsJobeetBundle:Job', $id);
$job->setPosition('Web designer');
$em->persist($job);
$em->flush();
// ...
}
public function deleteAction($id)
{
$em = $this->get('doctrine.orm.entity_manager');
$job = $em->find('SfTutsJobeetBundle:Job', $id);
$em->remove($job);
$em->flush();
// ...
}
}
You can also define foreign keys directly by linking objects together:
<?php
// SfTuts/JobeetBundle/Controller/JobController.php
namespace SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller,
SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Job,
SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Category;
class JobController extends Controller
{
public function createAction()
{
$em = $this->get('doctrine.orm.entity_manager');
$category = new Category();
$category->setName('Programming');
$em->persist($category);
$job = new Job();
$job->setCategory($category);
$em->persist($job);
$em->flush();
// ...
}
}
The tables have been created in the database but there is no data in them. For any web application, there are three types of data:
Each time Symfony2 creates the tables in the database, all the data is lost. To populate the database with some initial data, we could create a PHP script, or execute some SQL statements with the mysql program. But as the need is quite common, there is a better way with Symfony2: create fixture classes in the DataFixtures/ORM/ directory and use the doctrine:data:load task to load them into the database.
Note
IMPORTANT NOTICE
This section relies on an unstable doctrine extension that was recently removed from the Symfony Standard Edition. In order to enable loading fixtures, you have to add the extension yourself. The good news is that is very easy to install, so you’ll have it working in no time.
$ cd vendor
$ git clone git://github.com/doctrine/data-fixtures.git
2. Register the namespace in your ``app/autoload.php``
.. code-block:: php
<?php
use Symfony\Component\ClassLoader\UniversalClassLoader;
$loader = new UniversalClassLoader();
$loader->registerNamespaces(array(
// Register the data-fixtures namespace and
// add it before any other doctrine namespaces
'Doctrine\\Common\\DataFixtures' => __DIR__.'/../vendor/doctrine-data-fixtures/lib',
// ...
));
3. That's it! There's not a third step. Easy right?
Let’s create a fixture class:
<?php
// src/SfTuts/JobeetBundle/DataFixtures/ORM/JobFixtures.php
namespace SfTuts\JobeetBundle\DataFixtures\ORM;
use Doctrine\Common\DataFixtures\FixtureInterface,
SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Job,
SfTuts\JobeetBundle\Entity\Category;
class JobFixtures implements FixtureInterface
{
public function load($em)
{
$design = new Category();
$design->setName('Design');
$programming = new Category();
$programming->setName('Programming');
$manager = new Category();
$manager->setName('Manager');
$administrator = new Category();
$administrator->setName('Administrator');
$em->persist($design);
$em->persist($programming);
$em->persist($manager);
$em->persist($administrator);
$sensio = new Job();
$sensio->setCategory($programming);
$sensio->setType('full-time');
$sensio->setCompany('Sensio Labs');
$sensio->setLogo('sensio-labs.gif');
$sensio->setUrl('http://www.sensiolabs.com/');
$sensio->setPosition('Web Developer');
$sensio->setLocation('Paris, France');
$sensio->setDescription("You've already developed websites with symfony and you want to work with Open-Source technologies. You have a minimum of 3 years experience in web development with PHP or Java and you wish to participate to development of Web 2.0 sites using the best frameworks available.");
$sensio->setHowToApply('Send your resume to fabien.potencier [at] sensio.com');
$sensio->setIsPublic(true);
$sensio->setIsActivated(true);
$sensio->setToken('job_sensio_labs');
$sensio->setEmail('job@example.com');
$sensio->setExpiresAt(new \DateTime('2012-10-10'));
$extreme = new Job();
$extreme->setCategory($design);
$extreme->setType('part-time');
$extreme->setCompany('Extreme Sensio');
$extreme->setLogo('extreme-sensio.gif');
$extreme->setUrl('http://www.extreme-sensio.com/');
$extreme->setPosition('Web Designer');
$extreme->setLocation('Paris, France');
$extreme->setDescription("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in.
Voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.");
$extreme->setHowToApply('Send your resume to fabien.potencier [at] sensio.com');
$extreme->setIsPublic(true);
$extreme->setIsActivated(true);
$extreme->setToken('job_extreme_sensio');
$extreme->setEmail('job@example.com');
$extreme->setExpiresAt(new \DateTime('2011-10-10'));
$em->persist($sensio);
$em->persist($extreme);
$em->flush();
}
}
Note
The job fixture file references two images. You can download them (http://www.symfony-project.org/get/jobeet/sensio-labs.gif, http://www.symfony-project.org/get/jobeet/extreme-sensio.gif) and put them under the src/SfTuts/JobeetBundle/Resources/public/images/ directory. The Resource/public directory in a bundle is where you place all publicly accessible items such as images, css, JavaScript, etc. We need to run the command php app/console assets:install web/ to copy these resources to the projects web directory. You will see your images have been copied to web/bundles/sftutsjobeet.
Loading the initial data into the database is as simple as running the doctrine:data:load task:
$ php app/console doctrine:data:load
That’s all. I did warned you in the introduction.
Tomorrow we will talk about one of the most used paradigm in web frameworks, the MVC design pattern.
This is a derivative work of the original Jobeet tutorial by Fabien Potencier and Jonathan Wage for the Symfony2 framework.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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